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OCTOBER 2019

总裁专访

三赢的协同方案

营运长途航线的廉价航空公司酷航早前成功与欣丰虎航合并成为一时佳话。然而市场环境严峻,预计酷航在本年会陷入亏损。本刊副编辑兼首席通讯记者包乐天(Tom Ballantyne)于新加坡报导。

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October 1st 2019

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酷航执行长李立兴说:「自从在2016年与虎航合并后,我们有双位数字的增长。 Read More » 我们的航机数目由35架增至49架。我们亦租用了10架新航机及正以载客量较大的A321客机替代A320客机。这些都是酷航为之振奋的时间。」

李立兴续说:「区域性航空公司胜安航空正与新加坡航空合并,而其四个中国航点亦已转由酷航经营。酷航亦将于来年加入六个印尼航点。酷航一直保持既有发展速度。」

'我们做得很好。我们中国航线的载客率非常好。事实上,我们的载客量比胜安航空多,因为我们座位数量更多。'
李立兴
酷航执行长

然而亮丽的数据不能掩盖市场环境严峻的事实。在2019财政年度里,母公司新加坡航空的财务报表显示酷航陷入亏损,相较去年五千六百四十万美元的盈利,今年营运亏损达一千零八十万美元。

早前酷航业务扩充接办胜安航空正及/或新加坡航空的航线业所需的成本及开办的长途航线抵销收入增长。酷航业绩亦受到中国大陆游客增长放缓及787客机劳斯莱斯引擎维修问题引致的运营中断严重的影响。

李立兴说:「即使2019年财务状况未如理想,新加坡航空认为酷航不断打好基础以利中期及长期旅游业发展。」

他称:「这市场已接近饱和,而市场环境亦严峻。但无论如何,我们跟所有竞争对手皆相信需求量仍在增长。从某角度看,我们有优势。因为新加坡的机场使用率非常高。区内最频密的航班皆以新加坡为起点或终站。我们可藉此优势得以发展。」

「在这界别要做到供需配合是非常困难的。总有些时候,航线增长未能配合需求,但我们可以把每条航线都做好。我们真的在2015-2016 有这样的经历。当时我们录得破纪录的利润,而每年增长率有15%。」

「一般来说,当你增长到这样的水平,你不会预期有好的利润,但事实上我们真的有好利润。明显地,过去的一年半一直不太好,但这是周期问题而已。」

持有宾夕凡尼亚大学经济学士学位及在新加坡航空工作多年的李立兴早已习惯航空业的波动性。他在新加坡航空曾担任西亚、非洲及北亚销售区的副区域总裁、企划及燃料部主管、高级企业企划副总裁及新加坡航空货运总裁。他于2016年5月获委任为酷航与欣丰虎航的首席执行官并领导这两间航空公司的合并。

该合并令机队规模有所增长,把酷航由只拥有全阔机身787的营运者转型为同时拥有12架787及23架A320变种型号双通道及单通道的航机的营运者。李立兴说:「在合并后的头几年,我们全阔机身的机队有更大的增长,从以住的12架增至20架。」

在窄体机方面,我们从23艘增加到29艘。对于下一阶段,我们可能会把窄体机加大,但实际是打算增加宽体机的数量。」

酷航去年7月订购的16艘A321neos航机就正好落实了这个策略,预计这批航机从2020年最后一季逐步投入服务。为了支持增长,酷航将在2020年至2021年年底,将6艘A320neo订单转换为更大的A321neo,并再租赁10艘A321neo客机。另外还有多两艘787货机。

被问及是否正在考虑订购远程单通道航机时,李立兴笑说:「我想您是指A321XLR。目前,我们尚未确认任何订单。由于亚洲的容量和升降时段限制情况,A321neo的重点是在提升机身的大小。我们可以在航线上配置稍大的单通道来实现增长。

「至于XLR客机方面,我们尝试达致约8个小时左右的飞行时间,这便可以提供较远的航程和可以覆盖的目的地。最后还是要根据单位成本与宽机体比较后作出衡量。对于我们来说,我们尚未有明确的结论。目前,我们还是依赖宽体客机。」

酷航对A321XLR缺乏积极的行动是不言而喻的,李立兴表示:「厂商继续与我们对话。永远不要把话说尽了。但是目前我们还没有看到有此需要。」

酷航根本上就是一条中长程的廉航航线,现时,其包括澳洲、雅典和柏林等较长途的航线飞往17个国家和地区共68个目的地,并计划在2020年下半年之前,在印度、马来西亚和印尼等新增9个目的地。

被问及柏林和雅典时,李立兴说:「这显然不是我们表现最好的航线,但我们认为藉此提供了一个独特的契机。」酷航于2017年年底通过由日本经新加坡开往檀香山的航线,但已终止了该航线。

'我们约有11%-12%的乘客正在连接中,而这种情况只会持续增长。我们自己的网络覆盖面很广。我们服务68个航点。这不比新航的目的地数量少很多。我们自己可以做很多,但在某些情况下需要在新航网络中进行供应和反供应。我们也将找紧这些机会。'

李立兴说:「我们将继续探索其他地方,但我们会非常谨慎。不排除在未来一到两年内有新目的地的可能性,我们不会在欧洲拥有一个网络。我们只在欧洲提供少量航点。这与我们拥有欧洲网络非常不同。我们一直都知道,长途航程是廉航的一个独特市场,而且这将是一个充满挑战的市场。

「我们已看到其他航空公司尝试运营长途航班,并且有失败或撤回航班的情况,所以我们会以相当谨慎的态度继续增加航班。长途航班是每次直达一个目的地,不过长途航班是我们整体网络发展的其中一部分。」

李立兴会毫不犹豫地取消表现欠佳的航线。在六月就取消了勒克瑙及卡利博的航线,紧接着在八月,中国泉州的航线亦被取消。李立兴表示,由于需求疲弱以及航机短缺,马累航线亦将会在这个月从酷航的航线中取消。

中国可能是酷航最重要的市场。李立兴说:「今天我们与亚洲最大的航空公司为中国提供航班,我们会提供传统航空或廉航服务。在中国航空业务量及载客量名列前茅的航空公司来说,我们都处于约20个或以上的航点范围内。」

「我们的竞争对手都有这样的成绩,不过很明显,我们在中国的市场相当大,在我们的整体网络中占据很大部分,而我们亦相当有信心,因为我们近期已[从胜安航空]收购了多个航点。」

在亚洲其他地方的竞争从未如此激烈,李立兴认为市场有生产过剩的情况。他说:「这是我们目前财务状况所反映的。

「与一两年前相比,我们的议价能力较低。这反映了需求赶不上供应的情况。如果你只是指东南亚,现时无论是马来西亚、印度、越南、泰国或其他地方,这些国家都有多家廉航航空公司。

「即使你去到亚洲北部的韩国及日本,竞争亦同样激烈,这是毋庸置疑的。但同时,我们对我们的基本营业模式和基本需求增长是有信心的。

「这是一个过渡性的问题。确保我们拥有最佳的可能成本结构,作为最具效率的航空公司,并推出能为顾客带来价值的产品。对我们的顾客来说,选择心仪的网络和挑选心仪产品的能力都是非常重要的。最后,我们尝试尽可能提高吸引力及提供特色。」

酷航有丰富的特色,被Skytrax评为2019年亚洲最佳廉航,并一直被选为长途及短途航班预算类别的顶级廉航之一,而且拥有一家具市场地位的母公司,新加坡航空公司作为后盾。

李立兴说:「明显地,我们强大的母公司在财务上为我们提供支援,让我们获得很大的益处。这让我们更容易与主要合作伙伴,如航机制造商及其他供应商达成非常有利的交易。

「在商业方面,就如顾客所见,我们推出让乘客从酷航产品中受益的计划,同时享有集团提供的一些协同优惠。

「有一个例子是飞行常客计划(FFP)。我们可以透过新航的飞行常客计划,给乘客提供一般廉航少有的服务。同样,新航的乘客可以使用他们的飞行常客计划会员资格乘搭酷航的航班。这有助增加酷航的收益。」

在新加坡,酷航通过与新航联营航班代码共享所获得的飞行网络连接,对其运营至关重要。李立兴说:「这是关于飞行网络的连接性,我们的飞行网络连接系统已得到明显改善。」

在欧洲,酷航与雅典的当地航空公司爱琴海航空公司有航班代码共享安排,而在柏林与新航星空联盟的合作伙伴汉莎航空「正在研究有关机制」。

酷航还是廉航联盟的创始成员,该联盟于2016年成立,透过专有的技术系统使旅客可以查阅、选择,和在线上预订任何成员航空公司航班的机票。总体上,由宿雾太平洋航空(包括全资子公司宿翱航空)、济州航空、皇雀航空、酷鸟航空、酷航、澳洲虎航和香草航空等7家成员航空公司组成的联盟,可共同提供160多个目的地的航班服务。

酷航与廉航竞争对手一样,正在为客户开发更优惠的票价和配套服务,旗下的787客机最近推出重新命名的商务客舱ScootPlus、Scoot-in-Silence静音客舱、成年旅客区、BoardMeFirst优先办理登机手续和登机服务,并提供Scootinsurance综合旅行保险。

像所有地区航空公司一样,酷航必须应对挑战,例如在香港国际机场区域内持续发生示威活动。李立兴说:「我们的航线确实会飞香港。但总的来说,我们的看法倾向特定的事件总是会产生特定的影响。我们在业务策划和运营上的基本原则是我们必须随机应变。」

「人们仍然相信旅游需求的增长而且信心十足,尤其是对地区廉航旅游的增长。无论是关于旅游业内外的影响都是前路崎岖,但从根本上来说,作为一间廉航航空公司,我们更关注的是休闲旅游而较少是商务旅游方面。」

「每当在任何地方出现某种情况时,而大多数航空公司都会发生这种情况,你通常都会尝试解决问题。今年在经济上可能是非常差的一年,亦可能是因为重大天气事件而令入境旅客裹足不前。」

「但是对于定期航班的编制,需要考虑诸如保留机场升降时段之类的问题。您必须在运营中保持一定程度的稳定性。」

李立兴紧记着在保持稳定性的同时,亦要在严格的成本控制下进行扩展。

酷航和新加坡航空的数字化共享格局
对酷航以至其母公司新加坡航空(新航)来说,数字化及社交媒体都是增长的关键。
李立兴表示:「新加坡航空可为我们提供领先的作用,因为我们毋须再重头做起。很多他们正在运作的可以应用在我们的业务预算方面。处于这个数码时代,我们毋须负上旧有的包袱。很多时候固有系统就是防止[新技术]转移的障碍。
「例如GDS全球分销系统与低成本看似风马牛不相及。但数码化已把两者完全合而为一。当然,我们必须找出我们自己想要的方案。作为一家独立的公司,我们运作的基础设施及框架可能与母公司有所不同。
「同时,我们之间所拥有的沟通渠道,可以让我们从母公司在数码化方面的任何成果中得益。有时会有相反的情况,母公司可以从我们的所学中得益。」

 

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WE CAN PROVIDE TO YOU AND YOUR END BUYERS THIS PRODUCT JET A1, AVIATION FUEL, VIRGIN FUEL OIL D6, DIESEL GAS OIL,VIRGIN FUEL OIL D6, D2 EN590, DIESEL GAS OIL Dear Sir/Ma We​ have products of JP54​ JET A1 D2 D6 EN590 ULSD​ at the port Rotterdam and Houston we specialists in offering wide array of Petroleum Products that are sourced from best manufacturers and processing units from Russia. We can provide to you and your end buyer's​ as well​ We are waiting to hear from you ASAP Kindly contact us for our official SCO if found interested to enable us to proceed accordingly. Thank you, BENJAMIN PERKINS. EMAIL:perkinsconsultantoilltd0@gmail.com SKYPE: live:.cid.b6bd4f577c8cc44c WHATSAP:‪+1 (762) 203‑7506‬ Dear Sir/Ma We​ have products of JP54​ JET A1 D2 D6 EN590 ULSD​ at the port Rotterdam and Houston we specialists in offering wide array of Petroleum Products that are sourced from best manufacturers and processing units from Russia. We can provide to you and your end buyer's​ as well​ We are waiting to hear from you ASAP Kindly contact us for our official SCO if found interested to enable us to proceed accordingly. Thank you, BENJAMIN PERKINS. EMAIL:perkinsconsultantoilltd0@gmail.com SKYPE: live:.cid.b6bd4f577c8cc44c WHATSAP:‪+1 (762) 203‑7506‬

Heather Walter says:

June 7th 2022 11:06am


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Nora Owen says:

September 9th 2021 07:09am


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